VASP
41 articles
NewsRwanda Seeks Comments on Crypto Rules: November 18 Deadline and Proposed Issuer Capital
Rwanda’s CMA is consulting on two virtual-asset rulebooks. One draft proposes a stablecoin issuer capital formula tied to outstanding supply.
Shakila Afshar
NewsKenya’s Regulators Tell Crypto Firms to Apply for Licences: What the New Notice Says
CBK and CMA have directed virtual-asset providers to apply for licences. The notice confirms the regulatory route but does not name approved firms.
Shakila Afshar
NewsIMF urges Kenya to revisit crypto capital rules and strengthen transfer checks
The IMF’s latest Kenya crypto assessment puts transfer transparency, capital proportionality and foreign stablecoin reserves under scrutiny. Here is what businesses should distinguish.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsWestern Sahara Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Jurisdiction Question Comes First
Understand Western Sahara’s crypto regulation evidence, territorial scope, Moroccan notices and draft law, and unverified Sahrawi licensing claims.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSudan Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Central Bank’s Prohibition Extends Beyond Banks
Read Sudan’s virtual-asset prohibition, its scope beyond banks, and the 2026 banking law’s commencement, savings and penalty provisions.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSouth Sudan Cryptocurrency Regulation: Read the Warning Before Trusting the Returns
Examine South Sudan’s signed virtual-currency advisory, its warnings about unregulated providers and the approval evidence still needed today.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSomalia Cryptocurrency Regulation: The AML Law Has Moved Beyond the Old Warning
Read Somalia’s 2024 crypto warning alongside the 2025 AML amendment, its express VASP coverage and the approval evidence a provider still needs.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsLibya Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Policy Workshop Is Not a Crypto Licence
Examine Libya’s bank restrictions, its October 2026 virtual-asset workshop and the evidence still needed to substantiate a crypto licence claim.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsEritrea Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Licensing Gap Is Not a Green Light
Read Eritrea’s dated VASP findings and why missing licensing provisions do not establish unrestricted crypto activity or an approved provider.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsEquatorial Guinea Cryptocurrency Regulation: Regional Approval Is Only Part of the Story
Examine Equatorial Guinea’s dated VASP assessment, regional banking restrictions and the evidence needed to substantiate a crypto approval claim.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsDjibouti Cryptocurrency Regulation: Prior Approval Comes Before the First Customer
Read Djibouti’s express VASP approval requirement, its provider circular and the AML evidence needed before relying on a crypto licence claim.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsChad Cryptocurrency Regulation: A New AML Report Is Not an Exchange Licence
Read Chad’s regional VASP approval rule, banking restrictions and the limits of its March 2026 AML follow-up before trusting a crypto licence claim.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsCentral African Republic Cryptocurrency Regulation: Bitcoin’s Legal-Tender Chapter Has Closed
Trace CAR’s reversal of crypto legal-tender status, regional banking restrictions and the approval evidence a crypto business still needs.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsMauritania Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Prohibition a Fintech Sandbox Does Not Erase
Read Mauritania’s reported crypto prohibition, its signed 2026 amendment and why fintech sandbox participation does not establish crypto authorisation.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsGuinea-Bissau Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Missing Link Between Regional Rules and Local Approval
Guinea-Bissau crypto regulation: historical GIABA findings, regional VASP rules and the national legal evidence still needed after a reported 2026 reform.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsNiger Cryptocurrency Regulation: Prior Approval Is Written into the National Ordinance
Read Niger’s Article 58 VASP approval requirement, its national AML ordinance and the evidence needed to verify a provider’s operating permission.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsMali Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Approval Rule an Exchange App Cannot Answer
Explore Mali’s Article 58 approval requirement, its national AML ordinance and why a country assessment cannot prove an exchange is licensed.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsBurkina Faso Cryptocurrency Regulation: Approval Comes Before the First Customer
Read Burkina Faso’s prior-approval rule for virtual-asset services, the AML obligations behind it and the implementation evidence still needed.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsBurundi Cryptocurrency Regulation: Read the Payment Warning Before the Licence Claim
Examine Burundi’s crypto payment warning, the 2025–2026 AML reforms and the evidence needed before claiming a provider is authorised.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsGuinea Cryptocurrency Regulation: Article 101 Puts Approval Before Business
Read Guinea’s express VASP approval requirement, preventive AML duties and the remaining checks on application procedures and provider permissions.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSão Tomé and Príncipe Cryptocurrency Regulation: What the Authorised List Can Tell You
Examine GIABA’s dated VASP findings, BCSTP’s authorised-institution list and the distinction between payment permission and crypto approval.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsComoros Cryptocurrency Regulation: The BCC Warning Behind Offshore Licence Claims
Read the BCC’s warning on Comoros crypto and VASP licences, the Finance Ministry’s unofficial-licence notice and GIABA’s 2026 AML findings.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsCabo Verde Cryptocurrency Regulation: Registration Comes Before the First Trade
Explore Cabo Verde’s prior-registration requirement, BCV’s AML supervisory role and the documents behind a virtual-asset service application.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsLiberia Cryptocurrency Regulation: AML Duties and the Unresolved Licensing Route
Examine Liberia’s VASP reporting-entity position, CBL’s provider warning and GIABA’s dated banking restriction finding, with licensing gaps clearly identified.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSierra Leone Cryptocurrency Regulation: Section 103 Already Requires VASP Licensing
Read Sierra Leone’s enacted VASP licensing requirement, AML and transfer duties, and the distinction between the law and operational approval evidence.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsThe Gambia Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Licensing Evidence Still Needed
Review The Gambia’s dated VASP assessment, fintech and payment oversight, and the current licensing evidence still needed before relying on approval claims.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsEswatini Cryptocurrency Regulation: AML Duties Behind the Licence Claim
Read Eswatini’s enacted VASP and transfer-information duties, EFIC registration rules, sandbox limits and outstanding licensing evidence.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsLesotho Cryptocurrency Regulation: Why Crypto Promotion Raises Licensing Questions
Examine Lesotho’s crypto warning, investment-adviser licensing concerns, its 2026 scam notice and the gaps in verified VASP approval evidence.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsRepublic of the Congo Cryptocurrency Regulation: Prior Approval and the Implementation Gap
Understand Congo-Brazzaville’s VASP prior-approval framework, COBAC payment restrictions, GABAC implementation findings and unverified capital requirements.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsGabon Cryptocurrency Regulation: COSUMAF Approval and the Banking Restrictions
Separate Gabon’s VASP approval framework from COBAC banking restrictions, regulatory implementation gaps and unverified crypto capital claims.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsBenin Cryptocurrency Regulation: Prior Approval Exists, Implementation Gaps Remain
Read Benin’s prior VASP approval rule, CENTIF’s 2026 implementation findings, separate payment requirements and the limits of verified capital evidence.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsMadagascar Cryptocurrency Regulation: Legal Definitions, Licensing Gaps and AML Risk
Explore Madagascar’s statutory crypto definitions, SAMIFIN’s April 2026 licensing-gap findings, enforcement work and the limits of verified capital evidence.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsTogo Cryptocurrency Regulation: The Approval Rule Behind the New AML Law
Togo requires prior approval for professional crypto services. Read how the AML law and Maison du Commerce du Togo’s exclusive mandate affect exchanges.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsCameroon Cryptocurrency Regulation: COBAC Restrictions and COSUMAF Rules
Cameroon crypto rules: COBAC restricts covered banks and payment partners, while COSUMAF recognises digital-asset services. Learn VASP status and FATF updates.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsCôte d’Ivoire Cryptocurrency Regulation: VASP Law, BCEAO and Licensing
Côte d’Ivoire Ordinance 2023-875 requires prior authorisation for virtual-asset providers. Learn Article 58, BCEAO rules and FATF status.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsDR Congo Cryptocurrency Regulation: VASP Ban and BCC Rules
DR Congo prohibits virtual-asset and VASP activities under Article 22 bis. Read the 2025 law, GABAC findings, BCC role and FATF removal distinction.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsSenegal Cryptocurrency Regulation: BCEAO, Bitcoin and VASP Authorisation
Senegal Law 2024-08 requires prior authorisation for VASPs. Learn Article 58, AML duties, BCEAO payment rules and the proposed regional crypto framework.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsMozambique Cryptocurrency Regulation: VASP Registration and AML Rules
Mozambique requires eligible virtual-asset service providers to register with Banco de Moçambique. Learn the activities covered, 90-day decision period and AML requirements.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsMorocco Cryptocurrency Regulation: Bitcoin Restrictions and Draft Crypto Law
Morocco's exchange-control restrictions remain in effect. Draft Law 42.25 proposes crypto licensing, but it is not verified as enacted.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsNamibia Cryptocurrency Regulation: VASP Licensing, Capital and Rules
Namibia has a dedicated virtual-assets law. Learn which crypto businesses need a licence, class-specific capital requirements and how Bank of Namibia approvals work.
Shakila Afshar
RegulationsKenya Crypto Licensing Deadline: What November 4 Means for VASPs
Kenya's VASP Act transition reaches its one-year anniversary on November 4, 2026. What section 47 says, how CMA and CBK responsibilities differ, and what operators should check.
Shakila Afshar